Atomic mass
Highlighted the key elements first ‘C’.
The number of protons and neutrons for all isotopes averaged of carbon is 6 g/mol protons and 6.011 g/mol neutrons. The relative atomic mass (Ar) often referred to as atomic weight (molar mass) is 12.011 g/mol (for carbon) and is the combination of all protons and neutrons.
Molar mass
Molar mass (Mr) is the mass of 1 mole of a compound. Sometimes referred to as “molecular weight”.
(Or “Formula mass”)
The number of protons and neutrons for all isotopes averaged of carbon is 6 g/mol protons and 6.011 g/mol neutrons. The relative atomic mass (Ar) often referred to as atomic weight (molar mass) is 12.011 g/mol (for carbon) and is the combination of all protons and neutrons.
Mr = 9C + 8H + 4O = 9(12.01) + 8(1.01) + 4(16) = 180.17
One of the best known aromatic group drugs is acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin, which is prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of salicylic acid. Aspirin is a medication used for pain, fever, inflammation, heart attacks. It is commonly prescribed because of its properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti–coagulatory, fever-reducing, and pain-relieving that make it a recommended drug.
Mr = 8C + 8H + 1N + 2O = 8(12.01) + 8(1.01) + 1(14.007) + 2 (16) = 206.31
Acetaminophen has three functional groups. The aromatic group (benzene ring), amide group (HN-CO-R) and the hydroxyl group (OH). Therefore, acetaminophen has three polar groups.
Mr = 13C + 18H + 2O = 13(12.01) + 18(1.01) + 2 (16) = 206.31
Ibuprofen was derived from propionic acid by the research arm of Boots Group during the 1960s. The name is derived from the 3 functional groups: isobutyl (ibu) propionic acid (pro) phenyl (fen).
4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl group is the functional group.
Mr= 7C + 5H + 3N + 6O. = 7(12.01) + 5(1.01) + 3(14.007) + 6(16) = 227.141
Chemical formula of C7H5N3O6 otherwise known as Trinitrotoluene (TNT). 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is better known by its initials, TNT. TNT is explosive for multiple reasons. One reason is it contains the elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, which means that when the material burns it produces highly stable substances (CO, CO2 and N2) with strong bonds, so releasing a great deal of energy.
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Detergents of everyday detergent products are laundry and fabric softeners, all-purpose cleaners and mixtures intended for soaking (pre-washing) rinsing or bleaching
Polystyrene
Benzene can be used in plastics, polystyrene can be used for a myriad of things, from insulating coolers and cold storage, props for theme parks and movie sets, floatation for pontoons and marinas and the list goes on.
Dacron
Synthetic fibres e.g. Dacron or Terylene. Polyesters are often used in making synthetic fibres for use in clothing.
Kevlar
Kevlar can be synthesized in solution from the monomers 1,4-phenylene-diamine (para- phenylenediamine) and terephthaloyl chloride in a condensation reaction.
Kevlar's structure consists of relatively rigid molecules which tend to form mostly planar sheet-like structures similar to silk protein. It has a high strength/lightweight combination that makes it the perfect solution for a variety of applications:
Some of the characteristics that make Kevlar useful in protective applications:
Dyes are aromatic organic compounds, and as such are based fundamentally on the structure of benzene.
A major type of dye making up 60-70% of the food and textiles market is Azo dyes.
The compounds contain a C-N=N-C linkage. Most azo dyes contain only one azo group but there are some that contain two or three azo groups, called "diazo dyes" and "triazo dyes" respectively. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles, polishing of leather shoes or purses and some foods. Other Dyes for more specific uses are used in the colouring of hair main ingredient Paraphenylenediamine (PPD).
Manufacturing of cosmetics like lipsticks
A range of different pigments and dyes give lipsticks colour. Some lipsticks use carmine red, a pigment derived from scale insects, though increasingly alternatives dyes are used. Another dye, eosin, reacts with the amine group in the proteins of the skin to produce a deep red colour.
Capsaicin
Other compounds added to lipsticks include fragrances to mask the smell of the other chemicals present. Capsaicin, the spicy compound found in chili peppers, is sometimes included, as its skin irritant effect causes plumping of the lips in small quantities.
John Dalton is a famous chemist.
When John Dalton was on his way to discover the “atomic model” he stumbled into, and so discovered the next rule based on unit coined by Wilhelm Ostwald.
The mole = abbreviated “mol”
Is defined as 1 mol of any substance contains exactly 6.022x 1023 items of that substance.
Example #1
“1 dozen eggs” -> = 12 eggs
“1 mol of eggs” -> = 6.022 x 1023 eggs
Example #3
The number of oxygen atoms in 1 mol of an oxygen molecule, O2.
Number of atoms = 2 x 1 x 6.022 x 1023 = 12.044 x 1023 atoms
Example #2
1 mol Fe atoms -> = 6.022 x 1023 Fe atoms
1 mol bananas -> = 6.022 x 1023 bananas
More complicated examples are molecules and compounds
Example #4
The number of carbon and hydrogen in 1 mol of a benzene compound, C6H6. (So, 6 carbons and 6 hydrogens. Therefore 12 in total)
Number of atoms = 12 x 1 x 6.022 x 1023 = 72.264 x 1023 Benzene atoms = 7.2264 x 1024 Benzene atoms
Example #5
The number of carbon, hydrogen , nitrogen and oxygen atoms in 1 mol of acetaminophen (paracetamol) compound, C8H9NO2. (So, 8 carbons, 9 hydrogens, 1 nitrogen and 2 oxygens. Therefore 20 in total.)
Number of atoms = 20 x 1 x 6.023 x 1023 = 120.46 x 1023 Acetaminophen atoms = 1.2046 x 1025 Acetaminophen atoms
Example #6
The number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in 1 mol of an ibuprofen compound, C13H18O2. (So 13 carbons, 18 hydrogens, and 2 oxygens. Therefore, 33 in total)
Number of atoms = 33 x 1 x 6.022 x 1023 = 198.726 x 1023 Ibuprofen atoms = 1.98726 x 1025 Ibuprofen atoms
Note: Avagradro’s Constant is 6.022 x 1023 which refers to the amount of atoms for 1 mol of any given element.
BNZ is for stakeholders
Chemists when joining their governing body for their job will become known as “stakeholders”. Chemists are often research and development staff who find the best solutions for drug production and finding ways to reduce impurities in production during a synthesis, crystallisation, filtration, washing and drying. For example, Chemists (not pharmacists) in the UK join 'The Royal Society of Chemistry” which is a professional body for chemical scientists. Chemical scientists put simply are drug investigators who delve into the present and future of the drugs we use in healthcare.
Artwork
You can purchase artwork on our website with $BNZ. Ouroboros in alchemical traditions means the constant cycle of creation and destruction in the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom. $BNZ acts as an educational tool into insights of the life of the famous theoretical chemist called August Kekulé.
BNZ removes middlemen
BNZ is an immutable smart contract. By design there is no central entity in BNZ. No one owes anybody anything. As long as you have your private key, you truly own your BNZ.
BNZ is a reactant
As seen below, BNZ is described as a benzene ring.
| A REACTANT | PRODUCT |
|---|---|
| Benzene | Acetamonophen |
| Isobutylbenzene | Ibuprofen |
| 2-hydroxybenzoic acid | Aspirin |
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